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AIM: To investigate the efficacy of epithelial-off accelerated corneal cross-linking(CXL)in the treatment of advanced keratoconus.METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 32 patients(43 eyes)with advanced keratoconus who underwent epithelial-off accelerated CXL at Ningxia Eye Hospital from April 2020 to December 2021. Slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), corrected visual acuity, specular microscope, Pentacam and Corvis ST were tested before and at 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative corneal condition, UCVA, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the values of corneal endothelial, maximum keratometry(Kmax), thinnest corneal thickness(TCT), anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea K1, K2, biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure(bIOP), applanation time 1(A1T), applanation length 1(A1L), applanation velocity 1(A1V), applanation time 2(A2T), applanation length 2(A2L), applanation velocity 2(A2V), highest concavity deformation amplitude(HCDA), radius at highest curvature(HCR), highest concavity peak distance(HCPD)and stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1)were recorded.RESULTS: There were differences between UCVA(LogMAR; 1.06±0.49, 0.78±0.39)and BCVA(LogMAR; 0.48±0.34, 0.38±0.29)before and at 6mo after surgery(P<0.05), but there were no differences in corneal endothelial cells(2917.39±288.38 vs. 2959.19±336.27 cells/mm2, P=0.477). There were differences among Kmax, TCT, anterior surface K1 and K2 and posterior surface K1 before and after surgery(P<0.05), and all increased at 1mo after surgery then returned to preoperative level at 3mo after surgery, while there was no difference in the posterior K2. Furthermore, there were statistical significance in A1T, HCPD and SP-A1 before and after surgery(P<0.05), while there were no statistical significance in A1L, A1V,A2T, A2L, A2V, HCDA, HCR and bIOP(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Epithelial-off accelerated CXL can prevent the progression of keratoconus within half year after surgery, and it has certain safety.
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AIM:To evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics of patients with moderate refractive error after receiving small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).METHODS:Prospective cohort study. A total of 65 moderate myopia patients(65 eyes)who were scheduled to undergo refractive surgery at the Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Center of the Ningxia Eye Hospital from November 2020 to November 2021 were included in the study, and there were 30 eyes in the SMILE group and 35 eyes in the FS-LASIK group. The changes in corneal biomechanical parameters, including integrated radius(IR), inverse concave radius(ICR), deformation amplitude ratio 2mm(DAR2), stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1), ambrosio relational thickness(ARTh)and the central curvature radius at highest concavity(HC-Radius)were observed by Corvis ST between both groups preoperatively and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in biomechanical parameters between two groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively(P&#x003E;0.05). IR, ICR and DAR2 of each groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively were significantly increased than those preoperatively, and SP-A1, ARTh and HC-Radius were significantly decreased than those preoperatively(all P&#x003C;0.05). The biomechanical parameters at 1mo and 3mo postoperatively showed no statistical significance(P&#x003E;0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between central corneal thickness(CCT)and ARTh and SP-A1 of the two groups of patients at 3mo postoperatively(FS-LASIK group: r=0.727, 0.819, SMLIE group: r=0.683, 0.434, all P&#x003C;0.05), while a negative correlation was found between CCT and IR and ICR at 3mo postoperatively.(FS-LASIK group: r=-0.697, -0.622, SMLIE group: r=-0.447, -0.491, all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:For patients with moderate myopia, both SMILE and FS-LASIK can reduce corneal biomechanical stability. Both surgeries showed no significant differences in the effect on biomechanical, and the biomechanical has been stabilized at 1mo postoperatively. A correlation was found between postoperative CCT and ARTh, SP-A1, IR and ICR.
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A chemical investigation on the fermentation products of Sanghuangporus sanghuang led to the isolation and identification of fourteen secondary metabolites (1-14) including eight sesquiterpenoids (1-8) and six polyphenols (9-14). Compounds 1-3 were sesquiterpenes with new structures which were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. All the isolates were tested for their stimulation effects on glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, and cellular antioxidant activity. Compounds 9-12 were subjected to molecular docking experiment to primarily evaluate their anti-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) activity. As a result, compounds 9-12 were found to increase the glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by 18.1%, 62.7%, 33.7% and 21.4% at the dose of 50 μmol·L
Subject(s)
Humans , Agaricales , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Basidiomycota , COVID-19/drug therapy , Glucose , Molecular Docking Simulation , Polyphenols/pharmacology , SARS-CoV-2 , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
In this study, an immunostimulating particulate β-glucan was isolated from a hot alkaline extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The optimum conditions of 8 hours treatment time, 1∶20 solid - liquid ratio and 55 ℃ for the alkaline extract process were obtained after investigating by single-factor experiments and Box-Benhnken design in terms of the Ganoderma lucidum particulate β-glucan (GLG) increment, and these conditions resulted in a GLG yield of 8.57%. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine. The result showed that resident macrophages were effectively activated by GLG, such as with the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, the secretion of cytokines and phagocytic uptake. GLG could also promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in mice. In addition, IFN-γ production of spleen CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were significantly enhanced on GLG orally treatment, which ultimately resulted in significantly decreased tumor burden. Taken together, these data suggest that GLG might act as an immune stimulator to exert antitumor effects.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological status and the anticoagulation treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients,and to provide evidence for improving anticoagulation therapeutic effect in AF patients.Methods We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of 1 000 patients and out-patients with AF in Huashan Hospital.The clinical data including clinical feature,coexistent diseases,auxiliary examination,and treatment regimen of these patients were collected.The clinical features and anticoagulation status of AF patients were analyzed based on the stroke history,stroke risk evaluation and CHA2DS2-VASc score stratification.Results The mean age of these AF patients was (72.1 ± 11.1) years old.The most common coexistent diseases were hypertension (65％),coronary heart disease (32％) and diabetes (27％).About 6％ of the AF patients were diagosed with non-valvularatrial fibrillation (NVAF),and 22％ had stroke history.Patients were divided into two groups according to their stroke history.Compared with the non-stroke group,the stroke group was found to be older,with longer course of AF and poorer hypertension control.The overall anticoagulation rate was 32 ％ and antiplatelet rate was 46 ％.The anticoagulation rate of stroke group was 44％,higher than the non-stroke group (P＜0.001) but 78％ of these patients began anticoagulation therapy after the occurrence of stroke.When CHA2 DS2-VASc scores of NVAF patients were 2 to 5,the anticoagulation proportion increased gradually.When the scores were 2 to 6,the antiplatelet ratio increased gradually.But when the scores were 7-8 points,both anticoagulation and antiplatelet rates were in decline.Conclusions The anticoagulation rate in AF patients was still low at present,while relatively higher in patients with stroke.Anticoagulation could prevent stroke,AF patients still could benefit from anticoagulation after stroke,but anticoagulation before stroke could get more benefits.
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JAK/STAT3 signal pathway is an important intracellular signal transduction pathway. It plays important roles in cell apoptosis and proliferation by affecting the activity of downstream effector molecules,and also induces embryonic development,liver regeneration,glycolysis and inflammation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition and an-giogenesis and a series of biogenesis process,closely related to the development of human cancer.
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JAK/STAT3 signal pathway is an important intracellular signal transduction pathway. It plays important roles in cell apoptosis and proliferation by affecting the activity of downstream effector molecules,and also induces embryonic development,liver regeneration,glycolysis and inflammation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition and an-giogenesis and a series of biogenesis process,closely related to the development of human cancer.
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Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)is a common hereditary blinding eye disease in ophthalmology.Current researches documented that RP may have the common pathophysiologic basis to Alzheimer disease and chronic neurodegenerative disease.Understanding this mechanism will offer a new therapeutic target for RP.Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/P25 activation in the apoptosis of retinal neural cells of RCS rats.Methods Eighteen SPF RCS rats and 18 RCS-rdy+ rats were randomized into 17-,25-and 35-day groups respectively and 6 rats for each.The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points and retinal hemogenete was prepared.Expressions of CdkS,P35,P25 and tau phosphorylation in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and the kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was analyzed by quantitative colorimetric assay.Results The expressing level of P35 protein(A340) in the retinas of 17-day-old RCS rats was near that of 17-day-old RCS-rdy+ rats(t =0.52,P＞0.05).In 25-and 35-day-old RCS rats,the expressing levels of P35 protein were 2.20±0.48 and 1.23±0.14,which were higher than those of RCS-rdy+ rats(1.43±0.13 and 0.93±0.10),showing significant differences between them(t =3.78,4.28,P＜0.05).The expression of P25 was undetectable at postnatal 17 days in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats,but it showed significantly higher in RCS rats(0.300±0.003 and 0.230±0.004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.040±0.004 and 0.070±0.004) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(t=121.81,77.51,P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the expression of Cdk5 in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats at different ages (t =-0.60,0.19,1.62,P＞ 0.05).The kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 did not show significantly different between RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 17 days(t =0.19,P＞0.05),but significantly higher kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was seen in RCS rats (0.0058 ±0.0005 and 0.0056±0.0004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.0038±0.0003 and 0.0032 ±0.0007) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days (t =8.07,5.97,P＜ 0.01).No expression of tau phosphorylation was detected in RCS rats at postnatal 17 days,but significantly higher tau phosphorylation level was seen in RCS rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.80±0.22 and 1.23±0.17),which were significant different in comparison with RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.60 ±0.20 and 1.04 ±0.12)(t=4.71,3.17,P＜0.05).Conclusions The Cdk5/P25 kinase activity shows a consistent trend with theexpressions of P25 and tau phosphorylation in the RCS rats,indicating that the upregulation of P25 induces the enhance of enzyme activity of Cdk5,which phosphorylate its substrates to result in more apoptosis of retinal neural cells.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects and mechanisms of Bushen Antai Recipe (BAR) and its different compositions, Bushen Recipe (BSR, the Shen-nourishing part) and Huoxue Recipe (HXR, the blood-activating part) on the endometrial receptivity in mice with blastocyst implantation dysfunction (BID).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Model mice of BID induced by indomethacin were treated respectively with BAR, BSR and HXR from the first day of pregnancy, and killed on day 5 or 6. Samples of their serum and uterine were collected for detecting serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) contents using radioimmunoassay; and endometrial expression levels of their receptors, ER and PR, using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of E2 and P, and endometrial expression of ER and PR increased significantly on day 6 in mice after treated by BAR, but in those treated by BSR and HXR, the improvements were significantly lesser.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAR, by combined application of both Shen-nourishing and blood-activating methods, could impact E2, P, ER and PR to improve the endometrial receptivity to a higher extent in BID mice so as to promote embryo implantation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Embryo Implantation , Endometrium , Metabolism , Estradiol , Blood , Mice, Inbred Strains , Progesterone , Blood , Receptors, Estrogen , Metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare coated tablets of glycyrrhetinic acid and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (GTA-HP-beta-CYD) inclusion complex tablets for colon-specific release.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In order to improve the solubility of GTA, the GTA-HP-beta-CYD inclusion complex was prepared by ultrasonic-lyophilization technique and its formation were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction profiles and infrared spectrometry. The effects of inclusion condition on the inclusion efficiency and stability coefficient of inclusion complex were investigated, respectively. After prepared GTA-HP-beta-CYD tablets by powder direct compression, the pH dependant polymer Eudragit III and/or mixed with Eudragit II were used for further coating materials in fluid-bed coater. The influences of coating weight on the GTA release in different pH conditions were evaluated to establish the method for prepering colon specific delivery tablets with pulsed release properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The formation of inclusion complexes were proved by X-ray powder diffraction profile and phase solubility curve. The effect of pH value of solvent was played critical role on the preparation of GTA- HP-beta-CYD inclusion complex. And the inclusion efficiency of GTA was 9. 3% and the solubility was increased to 54. 6 times at optimized method. The Eudragit III coated GTA- HP-beta-CYD tablets with coating weight 10% and 16% were showed pH dependant colon specific release profiles with slow release rate. The release profile of tablets coated with the mixture of Eudragit II and Eudragit III (1:2) were indicated typical pH dependant colon specific and pulsed release properties while the coating weight was 17%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preliminary method for preparation of colon specific release tablets containing glycyrrhetinic acid with improved solubility was established for further in vivo therapeutic experiment.</p>